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Views: 43 Author: Patrick Publish Time: 2025-11-14 Origin: Site
Achieving carbon peaking and carbon neutrality is a major strategic decision made by China, standing at a height responsible for human civilization and based on the inherent requirements of realizing sustainable development.
To achieve the goals of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, China has built the world’s most systematic and comprehensive carbon reduction policy framework—the "1+N" policy system for carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, which defines clear timetables, roadmaps, and implementation plans.
The "1" serves as the guiding ideology and top-level design for China’s carbon peaking and carbon neutrality efforts. At the national level, two key documents have been issued: Opinions on Fully, Accurately and Comprehensively Implementing the New Development Concept to Advance Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutrality and Action Plan for Carbon Peaking Before 2030. These documents provide systematic planning and overall deploy
ment for the work, and launch the "Ten Actions for Carbon Peaking," including:
Action for Green and Low-Carbon Transformation of Energy
Action for Energy Conservation, Carbon Reduction and Efficiency Enhancement
Action for Carbon Peaking in the Industrial Sector
Action for Carbon Peaking in Urban and Rural Construction
Action for Green and Low-Carbon Transportation
Action for Carbon Reduction Supported by Circular Economy
Action for Green and Low-Carbon Science and Technology Innovation
Action for Consolidating and Enhancing Ecosystem Carbon Sink Capacity
Action for Green and Low-Carbon Lifestyles for All
Action for Phased and Orderly Carbon Peaking in All Regions
The "N" refers to implementation plans for carbon peaking and carbon neutrality in key industries, sectors, and regions. Relevant authorities have released implementation plans for key sectors (energy, industry, transportation, urban and rural construction, agriculture and rural areas) and key industries (coal, petroleum, natural gas, iron and steel, non-ferrous metals, petrochemicals, building materials). Support and guarantee plans have also been formulated covering areas such as scientific and technological support, financial support, green finance, green consumption, ecological carbon sinks, pollution and carbon reduction coordination, statistical accounting, standards and metrology, talent cultivation, and cadre training. Additionally, 31 provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government) have issued their local carbon peaking implementation plans.
The proportion of fossil energy consumption decreased from 84.0% in 2020 to 80.2% in 2024. The share of coal in total energy consumption dropped from 56.7% in 2020 to 53.2% in 2024.
Energy conservation is a key measure to reduce carbon emissions at the source; circular economy plays an important role in promoting carbon reduction; and ecosystem carbon sinks are an important way to achieve emission reduction and carbon sequestration. China has thoroughly implemented the Action for Energy Conservation, Carbon Reduction and Efficiency Enhancement, the Action for Carbon Reduction Supported by Circular Economy, and the Action for Consolidating and Enhancing Ecosystem Carbon Sink Capacity, achieving positive results.
China has always adhered to the principle of prioritizing energy conservation, promoted the energy consumption revolution, and strived to build an energy-saving society. After excluding energy used as raw materials and non-fossil energy consumption, China’s energy consumption per unit of GDP dropped by 11.6% cumulatively in the first four years of the 14th Five-Year Plan period.
Significant improvement in energy conservation management capabilities: China has continuously improved energy conservation laws, regulations, standards, and policies, forming a mature and effective energy conservation management system. It has established and improved a system including energy conservation review for fixed-asset investment projects. Since 2020, it has conducted industrial energy conservation supervision for over 20,000 enterprises and industrial energy conservation and carbon reduction diagnosis for more than 12,000 enterprises and parks. Clear energy conservation management requirements have been set for key industries and enterprises, promoting refined energy conservation management in key energy-consuming units. Market-oriented mechanisms such as energy performance contracting (EPC) have been actively promoted to enhance enterprises’ internal motivation for energy conservation and efficiency improvement. Currently, the total output value of the energy conservation service industry exceeds 500 billion yuan, with new investment in EPC exceeding 170 billion yuan in 2024.
Full implementation of key energy conservation and carbon reduction projects: China has carried out energy conservation and carbon reduction transformations in key industries, improved the refined management level of energy use, and tapped into systematic energy conservation and carbon reduction potential. It has implemented energy conservation and carbon reduction projects in parks, promoted energy system optimization and cascade utilization, and cultivated 491 national green industrial parks cumulatively, with energy consumption per unit of industrial added value being 2/3 of China’s average level.
Breakthroughs in energy efficiency improvement of key equipment: China has accelerated the promotion and application of advanced and high-efficiency energy-saving equipment. Through large-scale equipment renewal campaigns, more than 20 million units (sets) of equipment in key fields were updated in 2024, achieving an energy saving of approximately 25 million tons of standard coal. Energy efficiency standards have been comprehensively upgraded for equipment such as motors, fans, pumps, compressors, transformers, heat exchangers, and industrial boilers. By the end of 2024, energy efficiency labels cover 44 categories of energy-using products in 5 major energy-consuming fields, basically achieving full coverage of key energy-using products and equipment.
Establishment of a unified and standardized carbon emission statistical accounting system.
Improvement of the "dual carbon" (carbon peaking and carbon neutrality) standard and metrology system.
Enhancement of carbon footprint management capabilities.
By the end of 2024, the balance of China’s green loans in both domestic and foreign currencies reached 36.6 trillion yuan, with loans invested in projects with carbon reduction benefits accounting for nearly 70%. In 2024, the premium income of green insurance business reached 333.149 billion yuan; the issuance of green bonds was 681.432 billion yuan, 2.5 times that of 2020.
In 2024, the number of published PCT international patent applications for China’s green and low-carbon technologies reached 6,356, 2.3 times that of 2020, ranking first in the world for four consecutive years.
Improvement of the institutional system for China’s carbon emission rights trading market: China officially launched the national carbon emission rights trading market in July 2021, covering industries such as power generation, iron and steel, cement, and aluminum smelting, which accounts for over 60% of the country’s total carbon emissions. As of the end of September 2025, the cumulative trading volume of quotas in the national carbon emission rights trading market was approximately 728 million tons, with a cumulative turnover of about 49.83 billion yuan.
New progress in the construction of China’s greenhouse gas voluntary emission reduction trading market: China launched the national greenhouse gas voluntary emission reduction trading market in January 2024 and issued methodologies for 6 types of projects including afforestation carbon sinks. As of the end of October 2025, 31 projects have been registered cumulatively, with a total emission reduction of 15.04 million tons; the cumulative trading volume was approximately 3.23 million tons, with a turnover of about 270 million yuan.
Enhancement of the vitality of the green certificate and green electricity market.
Vigorous development of green product trade: China continues to provide high-quality and efficient low-carbon energy equipment and products to the world, especially to developing countries. Products such as wind power, photovoltaic (PV), and new energy vehicles are exported to more than 200 countries and regions around the world. China supplies 70% of the world’s wind power equipment and 80% of PV module equipment, driving down the global costs of wind power and PV power generation by more than 60% and 80% respectively. During the 14th Five-Year Plan period, the exported wind power and PV products have helped other countries reduce carbon emissions by approximately 4.1 billion tons cumulatively.
Strengthening green technology cooperation: As of the end of October 2025, China has established scientific and technological cooperation relations with more than 160 countries and regions, signed 120 intergovernmental scientific and technological cooperation agreements, and joined more than 200 international organizations and multilateral mechanisms related to science and technology.
Deepening South-South cooperation on climate change: Since 2016, China has provided and mobilized over 177 billion yuan in project funds. As of the end of October 2025, China has signed 55 memorandums of understanding on South-South cooperation on climate change with 43 developing countries, and has implemented more than 300 capacity-building projects cumulatively.
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